Lawless and Fox's piece on men and women in politics mentioned other nations' strategies for improving female representation in government, one of which included gender quotas. This seems a viable solution for now, or at least one we should try out, as this article discusses how "women are likelier to drop out after early political loss."
Some quotes: https://www.anderson.ucla.edu/faculty-and-research/anderson-review/political-persistence
"Her analysis of 11, 466 candidates in closely won local races in California between 1995 and 2014 finds women new to politics were less likely than men to run again within four years of losing a close race. For men, losing an initial election caused a 16-to-19 percentage point decline in the probability of their running in another election within the next four years. Women exhibited an additional 7-to-11 percentage point decrease in the probability of running again, relative to the male candidates."
"There were 3, 498 (31%) first-time female candidates among the races Wasserman studied. If the drop-outs had instead run again and they had the same chances of winning as the losing candidates who did seek office another time, there would be a 17% increase in successful women candidates, according to her analysis."
It seems the point Sandberg makes about first-time female candidates tending to be more dubious about their (political) abilities holds true here, especially in connection with the tacit understanding that women have been underrepresented in politics in the past; if a woman loses a race once, according to this piece, she doubts her success in the consecutive race. But, as the article concludes, "of the world's top 20 countries ranked by female representation in the lower house of parliament, 17 have some form of gender quotas in place..."; if we start modeling to women that women have a place in politics, then not only will women start running more, but also start running again after a loss.
Some quotes: https://www.anderson.ucla.edu/faculty-and-research/anderson-review/political-persistence
"Her analysis of 11, 466 candidates in closely won local races in California between 1995 and 2014 finds women new to politics were less likely than men to run again within four years of losing a close race. For men, losing an initial election caused a 16-to-19 percentage point decline in the probability of their running in another election within the next four years. Women exhibited an additional 7-to-11 percentage point decrease in the probability of running again, relative to the male candidates."
"There were 3, 498 (31%) first-time female candidates among the races Wasserman studied. If the drop-outs had instead run again and they had the same chances of winning as the losing candidates who did seek office another time, there would be a 17% increase in successful women candidates, according to her analysis."
It seems the point Sandberg makes about first-time female candidates tending to be more dubious about their (political) abilities holds true here, especially in connection with the tacit understanding that women have been underrepresented in politics in the past; if a woman loses a race once, according to this piece, she doubts her success in the consecutive race. But, as the article concludes, "of the world's top 20 countries ranked by female representation in the lower house of parliament, 17 have some form of gender quotas in place..."; if we start modeling to women that women have a place in politics, then not only will women start running more, but also start running again after a loss.
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